An industrial dispute is a conflict between employer and employees/workmen relating to employment, non-employment, terms of employment, or conditions of labour (concept). Industrial disputes can reduce production and harm industrial peace, so labour laws provide structured machinery like conciliation and adjudication to resolve disputes fairly (concept).
This topic is usually asked as:
You should be able to:
Industrial dispute refers to a dispute between:
Exam tip: always mention parties + subject matter in the definition (concept).
Common classifications (concept):
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An industrial dispute is a conflict between employer and employees/workmen relating to employment, non-employment, terms of employment, or conditions of labour (concept). Industrial disputes can reduce production and harm industrial peace, so labour laws provide structured machinery like conciliation and adjudication to resolve disputes fairly (concept).
This topic is usually asked as:
You should be able to:
Industrial dispute refers to a dispute between:
Exam tip: always mention parties + subject matter in the definition (concept).
Common classifications (concept):
Write any 8–10 causes:
A strike is a concerted stoppage of work by employees/workmen to enforce demands or protest (concept).
Common types (exam-level) (concept):
A lockout is the temporary closing of a place of employment or suspension of work by the employer/management to compel workers to accept certain terms (concept).
Lay-off means inability of the employer to provide employment to workmen due to reasons like shortage of raw materials, breakdown, power failure, etc., even though the workmen are on the rolls (concept). It is generally temporary.
Retrenchment means termination of service of a workman by the employer for reasons other than disciplinary action (concept). It is generally a reduction in workforce (often permanent/semi-permanent).
Methods (concept):
Conciliation is a formal process where a conciliation officer helps parties reach a settlement by persuasion and discussion (concept). The focus is to achieve voluntary settlement and restore industrial peace.
Adjudication means dispute resolution through a legal authority (labour court/industrial tribunal) which examines facts and gives a binding decision/award (concept).
Issue arises → grievance/negotiation (bipartite) → conciliation (if unresolved) → arbitration/adjudication (if needed) → award/settlement → implementation → follow-up to prevent recurrence (concept)
Measures (concept):
From this topic
Any three causes (concept):
Any three points are sufficient.
Strike vs lockout (concept):
Any three points are sufficient.
An industrial dispute is a conflict between employer and workmen related to employment/terms/conditions of labour (concept).
Managing causes early through grievance handling and bargaining reduces disputes and supports industrial peace (concept).